Outside the Lines

This weekend marks the twenty-fourth showing of the Outsider Art Fair in New York, one of the world's most exciting art fairs if you are looking for art that is authentic, honest, and surprisingly fresh. It has taken nearly a quarter of a century for this fair to mature into what it is today, thanks in part to new ownership by Andrew Edlin, who has become one of the power players of the field. That said, you will never meet a more down-to-earth or friendlier person. The Outsider Fair began in 1993 as a celebration of art that had, for too long, been bypassed and largely misunderstood by the rest of the art world. This was art that did not fit neatly into defined boxes, and before 1993, struggled to find a market.

The fact is "outsider art" has always been an evolving form. If we go back to the early twentieth century, there were a few visionaries who did much to bring awareness to the genre. Sidney Janis (1896–1989) was one of the first American art dealers to champion the work of what was then called “primitive artists.” His book They Taught Themselves, published in 1942, was one of the first serious books to take on the notion that serious art could be made by everyday people. It took on the idea that artists could be self-taught. 

In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, this art was called “folk art” and was characterized by exhibitions and early publications showing Limner painters of colonial times, weather vanes, quilts, and cigar store Indians. It was quaint and charming, but nonetheless important for what it was. In his book, Janis pointed out that important art was still happening within that earlier context—but what he had discovered was decidedly different. Though he represented leading avant-garde European and American artists, it was Janis who introduced an array of self-taught masters such as Morris Hirshfield, John Kane, Joseph Pickett, Anna Mary Robertson (Grandma) Moses, and Horace Pippin. At that time, Janis had such influence in the art world he could promote just about anyone he wanted, and he used his clout by making others aware of art by the self-taught. 

Europe had its own recognition of this art, with Jean Dubuffet and André Breton collecting art within a genre they called Art Brut (quite literally “raw art”). The art they collected were by so-called psychotic individuals who existed almost totally outside of mainstream culture. This was, to these two artist/collectors, “unaffected art”—art that welled up and manifested itself from sources unknown. And while the term art brut is still used today—the meaning of that and the term outsider art is very close in definition. 

Aside from Janis, it would be a mistake not to mention Otto Kallir (1894–1978), who established Galerie St. Etienne in New York, in 1939. Kallir was Grandma Moses' dealer, and he promoted her (and others) throughout her life.

It would be more than thirty years, in the 1970s, before Janet Fleisher (1917–2010) and John Ollman began showing exciting new work by self-taught artists like Bill Traylor (his work sold for $100 apiece then) and Sister Gertrude Morgan, in Philadelphia. In Chicago, during that same period, it was now retired art maverick Phyllis Kind (b. 1933) who began showing some of the same artists, as well as work by the Chicago Imagists like Jim Nutt, Ray Yoshida, Roger Brown, and others. 

By the 1990s, the evolution of this art was in full swing, with many galleries and collectors from around the world exhibiting it, researching it, and art magazines devoted to it. 

So, as we celebrate the 2016 Art Fair, it’s good to look back at just how long it has taken for this art fair to fully develop. As longtime art dealer John Ollman told me for this article, “I’ve long been over calling this work by this name or that. It’s just art. We show art we that we like.” 

The 24th Annual Outsider Art Fair is being held now through Sunday at The Metropolitan Pavilion at 128 West 18th Street.

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Loic Lucas

Untitled 2015

Ink on Paper

7.25 x 10.25 inches

Grey Carter Objects of Art

J.J. Cromer

Not One Word of Retreat, 2007

Mixed Media

22 x 30 inches

Grey Carter Objects of Art

Dan Miller

Untitled, 2011

Mixed Media

20 x 20 inches

Creative Growth

Eugene von Bruenchenhein

Untitled, 1940s

9 x 5 x 4 inches

Chicken bones and paint

Andrew Edlin Gallery

Melvin Way

Untitled, (Nothing from Nothing), 1990s

4. 5 x 5.5 inches

Ink and Tape on Paper

Andrew Edlin Gallery

Henry Darger

Untitled (They are chased again however, and have to give up for want of breath)

18 x 32 inches

Watercolor and pencil on paper

Andrew Edlin Gallery

David Butler

7-Headed Dragon With Green Spots

c. 1975

Housepaint on tin

36 x 26 inches

Gilley’s Gallery

Bill Traylor

Black male dog with red eye and tongue, c. 1939-1942

Pencil, poster paint on found Cardboard

16.5 x 16 inches

Carl Hammer Gallery

Christine Sefolosha

Sans titre

Mixed Media on Paper

74 x 97 cm

Galerie Polad-Hardouin, Paris

Frédérick Bruly Bouabré

La Haute Navigation

Ballpoint pen and crayon on carton

5-7/8  x 3-7/8 inches

Galerie Bourbon-Lally, Haiti

Guyodo (Frantz Jacques)

Untitled, 2014

Ballpoint pen on recycled cornflakes box

15.93 x 23.23 inches

Cavin-Morris Gallery

Hawkins Bolden

Untitled, ca. 1980s

Mixed Media

54 x 18 x 8 inches

SHRINE Gallery

Uncle Pete Drgic

Untitled, Birds, c. 1977

House paint on board

18 x 28 inches

Webb Gallery

Kevin Blythe Sampson

Spawn of the South, 2014

Mixed Media

16 x 20 x 14 inches

Cavin-Morris Gallery

Robert Adale Davis

Born of the Horns of Dilemma the Bull of Paradox, 2015

Wrapped string, cloth, strap, and hook

18 inches wide

American Primitive Gallery